The Doctrine of Risk Assumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Doctrine of Risk Assumption - Essay Example The case under research presents a classic example of assumption of risk set out in the tort of negligence. As such, it is significant to inspect the fundamentals that define the rationale for risk assumption and implications thereof. Typically, the ideals of this doctrine demand that the injured party must prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the defendant owed him the duty of care. Secondly, the plaintiff bears the onus of proof that the defendant breached such duty by failing to take all practicable measures and exercising necessary obligation to prevent potential injuries that may arise if such duty is breached. Thirdly, the injured party ought to demonstrate that the risk was not reasonably open and obvious for which the plaintiff sustained injuries. It is worth illustrating as well that the defendant was reckless as a result of which he caused the plaintiff actual injuries as reiterated by Wong. In examining these conundrums, the law purports that the doctrine of risk assumpt ion applies to the players as well as spectators and bystanders in the game in question. On the other hand, statutory logic suggests that any fans of a given game who decides to attend that game shall have assumed the risks associated with that game even if he is not actively engaged in the game. Notwithstanding actual attendance, the law shall not hold the owner of a playing ground liable for injuries suffered by persons who voluntarily assume the risk of taking part in a match thereon. Moreover, a claim for negligence can arise if the risk was not open and obvious whereby the injured parties could have opted to stay away if they had knowledge of such risks. For instance, it is not reasonable open and obvious that a stadium roof may collapse on football spectators if such the construction of such stadium had been supervised and certified by competent engineers.

Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology - Essay Example The study aims on molecular epidemiology approach to learn viral pathogens of aquaculture with dynamic approach to control the disease in aquaculture. The study emphasize on viral disease of salmonid fish; grounds, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), salmonid alpha virus (SAV) and infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). Noteworthy upshots of molecular epidemiological incorporation to pursue the study encompass enhanced taxonomic categorization of viruses, an improved perception about natural allocation of viral strains, an augmented discernment about the derivations of viral strains in aquaculture, molecular epidemiological incorporation improves an access to understand the hazards caused due to translocation of pathogens as well as how viral strains outsmart their accepted host range. The process enhances the capability to mark out the basis of new-fangled infection outbursts. The process thereby enables the researchers to formulate the basis of expansion with suitable upgr ading if desired in diagnostic tools. The most imperative provision that researcher procure is the capability to categorize isolates procured with the molecular epidemiological procedures and therefore aims at better future research aspects. The introduction of new expertises like pyrosequencing enables researchers to produce explanatory molecular sequence data.

Real Time Motion Detection Using Dynamic Camera

Real Time Motion Detection Using Dynamic Camera Abstract— nowadays, security of valuable and secret assets is very important for large organisation companies. Due to limitation of human resources and man power we need an efficient and reliable security system. To overcome this limitations and errors we will implement high level surveillance system for security. In our system, we will use dynamic camera for video surveillance which will feed video stream to system. System will perform various image processing operations to detect the object. Index Terms — Image processing, voting based motion estimation algorithm, Priority based spatial coding algorithm, content based temporal sampling algorithm, Video Surveillance system. Introduction Video surveillance systems are a very important in the modern times. Although some people don’t like the idea of being watched, surveillance systems improve the public security, allowing the system to detect dangers and the security forces to react in time. Surveillance systems developed in the recent years from simple surveillance systems into complex structures, containing multiple cameras and high end monitoring centers, armed with elegant hardware and software. However, the future of surveillance systems belongs to automatic tools that assist the system operator and notify him on the detection of security threats. It is important, because in complex systems consisting of multiple cameras, the operator cannot notice all the events. For efficient and reliable surveillance system, we need high detection rates and low false alarm rates, both of these ordinary methods most of the time does not work in turbulent territory. To eliminate such difficulties, we will be using different algorithms for camera motion estimation, capturing target frame and object detection. Our goal is to detect objects in motion reliably. Literature Survey [1] Feng-Li Lian, Yi-Chun Lin,Chien-Ting Kuo, and Jong-Hann Jean,moving object detection using mobile In this method, using moving camera the video is captured. The reference frame is taken first when the camera starts then current frame and the previous frame both are compared. Utilizing the frame differencing technique first the change detection from the captured images can be performed so the binary image can be generated by this technique that can be used to identify the area with significant difference between two frames or from the current frame to the background frame. [2] D.Wu,Y.T.Hou, Y. Q. Zhang,Real Time transmission of Video The video data from these cameras should be transmitted in real time to the control room or end-users for further analysing surveillance-related information. However, transmitting real-time video over a network is a challenge task because video data usually contain large amount of information quantity and the transmission channel might have limited bandwidth. When the transmission amount of video data exceeds the available bandwidth, excessive video flow in the network might lead to time delay and or packet loss, and further, the real-time performance of video transmission would be degraded. [3]J. M. Shapiro, B. Andersson, N. Pereira, W. Elmenreich A key solution to video transmission is to reduce the quantity and complexity of original videos but simultaneously preserve the most important message within the original image content. The development of image compression is to reduce the data quantity at the spatial scale for successful transmission. Based on the characteristics of the objects of interest existing in the video images, embedded coding algorithms are well-known techniques for image compression by generating variable bit-rate streams for progression transmission. I. block diagram The following block diagram represents the working of real time motion estimation by using dynamic camera. The diagram is divided into two parts. First one is capturing of frame and second part is comparison and object detection. At first, based quality image frame is captured from data stream of multiple frames using some frame grabbing algorithm. Then that frame is names as a recent or current image. The recent or current image is in RGB format which then converted into grey scale image. After RGB to grey scale conversion Gaussian blur technic is used to reduce noise and sharpness in the image. After above process the recent image is compared with background image. Background is image that if image that captured and updated by camera for every particular time frame .for comparison of this two image we need to subtract recent image to background image after subtraction we use threshold technique on resultant image. After threshold technique we get the binary image. We use blob detec tion algorithm on binary image which help us to detect object in that image .after the object detection object is registered and track. Fig. 1:Block diagram I.Camera Motion estimation In voting based mechanism image processing technique is used for motion estimation and edge detection. Image is necessary in tracking, detecting and recognition applications. There are two types’ image features Frequency features and amplitude features. Edge information of object is usually use for detect the location of moving object. Voting base mechanism edge detection of object plays very important role .In dynamic camera surveillance system as camera is always moving, the objects in captured images also look like moving objects, even though they are not. We can obtained correct edge information of moving object and still object by subtracting to successive frames .Estimation of camera motion is very important for identifying visual information of moving object. Therefore motion of camera should be estimated first using estimated motion of camera output of edge detection is calculated .The morphological erosion dilation are used to get correct and enhance outcome of moving edges. II. Content Based Temporal Sampling In surveillance system with high end camera devices frame rate is high and change of view cause by motion of dynamic camera is very small due to that consecutive captured images are almost identify .Hence transmitting this identical frames on limited bandwidth is not efficient utilization of bandwidth. Due to this problem the content based temporal sampling method is used. In content based temporal sampling only one image from n number of consecutive frames is selected. The selected images are selected on basis of content of image .Image containing more information is selected compare to image with less information. Image having more edges having more information .Therefore while selecting images blur images are given least preference over sharp images for frame selection canny edge detection is performed to locate edge pixel then number of are count for changing edges on each frame .according to content based temporal sampling algorithm the most important information would be save and less important an identical frame would be removed. III. Priority based spatial coding Usually, an image frame can be divided into important and unimportant parts in spatial domain. The importance can be decided based on the outcome of the moving edge detection. For example, moving objects can be considered as the most important information compared with other static objects and background. Hence, the result of the edge detection can also be used to specify the regions with or without moving objects. Therefore, the spatial coding algorithm can be used to encode the region with important information into a frame of higher visual quality and the region without important information into a frame of lower visual quality. Furthermore, an embedded coding algorithm, such as the set partitioning SPIHT, can be used to progressively encode the visual quality based on the currently determined importance and available bandwidth. IV. CONCLUSION In this paper we will be implementing a smart surveillance system which will detect moving object as well as abandoned object with dynamic camera. We will be using motion detection algorithm and various images processing technique for detection of objects in video stream. The surveillance system we are going to implement is low cost, efficient and highly reliable. This system will give common man access to use sophisticated security system. V. REFERENCES [1] G. L. Foresti, C. S. Regazzoni, and R. Visvanathan, â€Å"Scanning theissue/technology—Special issue on video communications, processingand understanding for third generation surveillance systems,† Proc.IEEE, vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 1355–1367, Oct. 2001. [2] S.Misra,M. Reisslein, and G. Xue, â€Å"A survey ofmultimedia streamingin wireless sensor networks,† IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,Fourth Quarter, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 18–39, 2008. [3] Y. Si, J. Mei, and H. Gao, â€Å"Novel approaches to improve robustness,accuracy and rapidity of iris recognition systems,† IEEE Trans. IndInf., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 110–117, 2012. [4] P. N. Huu, V. Tran-Quang, and T. Miyoshi, â€Å"Image compressionalgorithm considering energy balance on wireless sensor networks,in IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Osaka, Japan, Jul.13–16, 2010, pp. 1005–1010. [5] A. Hampapur,L.Brown, J.Connell,A.Ekin, N. Haas,M. Lu,H.Merkl,S. Pankanti, A. Senior, C.-F. Shu, and Y. L. Tian, â€Å"Smart video surveillance:Exploring the concept of multiscale spatiotemporal tracking,†IEEE Spatial Process. Mag., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 38–51, Mar. 2005. [6] D.Wu,Y.T.Hou, andY. Q. Zhang, â€Å"Transporting real-time video overthe internet: Challenges and approaches,† Proc. IEEE, vol. 88, no. 12,pp. 1855–1877, Dec. 2000. [7] C. Caione, D. Brunelli, and L. Benini, â€Å"Distributed compressivesampling for lifetime optimization in dense wireless sensor networks,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 30–40, 2012. [8] M. Garcà ­a-Valls, P. Basanta-Val, and I. Està ©vez-Ayres, â€Å"Adaptive realtimevideo transmission over DDS,† in IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Informatics(INDIN), Osaka, Japan, Jul. 13–16, 2010, pp. 130–135.180 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, VOL. 9, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2013 [9] H. Koto, Y. Hiehata, S. Uemura, and H. Nakamura, â€Å"Analysis of controlaccuracy for access control method based on sample monitoringin interactive tv services,† in IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Informatics(INDIN), Osaka, Japan, Jul. 13–16, 2010, pp. 991–998. [10] F.-L. Lian, J. K.Yook,D.M. Tilbury, and J. R.Moyne, â€Å"Network architectureand communication modules for guaranteeing acceptable controland communication performance for networked multi-agent systems,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12–24, Feb. 2006. [11] B. Andersson, N. Pereira,W. Elmenreich, E. Tovar, F. Pacheco, and N.Cruz, â€Å"A scalable and efficient approach for obtaining measurementsin CAN-based control systems,† IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 4, no. 2, pp.80–91, May 2008. [12] J. M. Shapiro, â€Å"Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients,† IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 41, no. 12, pp.3445–3462, Dec. 1993.

breastfeed or bottle-feed? Essay -- essays research papers

Is the mom going to breastfeed or bottle-feed? I must tell you that breast milk is usually best for your baby. -Each mother’s breast milk is made especially for their own newborn. It contains all the Vit., Min. & iron that your baby needs( where as bottle milk has as little as 5-10% of all vit., min., & iron that are used by your baby.) Breast milk also continues to chg. as your baby grows to meet the changing needs of your infant, no formula is capable of such a chg. Breast milk contains protecting agents to help insure your baby’s health, these agents (WBC’s and immunoglobins) help fight DZ and INF. Advantages of Breastfeeding (Disadvantages to bottle feeding): 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promotes bonding between mom and infant, easily and quickly digested. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breastfed babies have fewer illnesses and faster recovery. The antibodies found in breast milk provide immunities that make it easier for a baby to fend off illnesses such as colds and ear infections. So not only do breastfed babies tend to get sick less often but when they do get sick, they get better faster then babies that are bottle fed. Pre-mature babies who get breast milk also have less GI problems 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast milk has long term health benefits for your baby. The positive effects of breastfeeding last well beyond babyhood. Studies show that babies breastfed for the first six months are 43% less likely to become obese as children, if breastfed for more then 1 year they are 72% less likely to be overweight. Breastfeed babies have a lower risk of HTN later in life, they also have a lower risk of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea later in life. Breastfeed babies also have an average of 8 to 10 IQ points higher then bottle-fed babies. Finally breastfed babies have a lower incidence of SID’s 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breastfeeding helps to take the pounds off after pregnancy. Producing breast milk requires 500 calories a day 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breastfeeding also helps benefit mom’s health. Some studies indicate that breastfeeding decreases or lowers a woman’s risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer. It also appears to protect against osteoporosis. 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast milk is inexpensive as opposed to bottle feeding which tends to run around $1400 to $1800 a year. 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &n... ...oiling, soaking in antibacterial solution (instructions are on the packet), or microwave bottle sterilizer. Store sterilized bottles in the refrigerator. Prepare the formula and shake thoroughly. Warm to room temp then give to baby 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feeding the baby – Cuddles and comfort are as important for your baby as feeding is, bottle fed baby’s can bond too. Cradling your baby in your arms is the best position. Never feed the baby while he or she is laying down! Problems while Breastfeeding: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sore nipples (usually during the first week) Check the latch on technique and position of the baby during feedings. You want to vary nursing positions. You can also use OTC lubricants or express a little milk or colostrum onto your nipples before and after nursing, gently pat dry (antibacterial qualities) In most cases sore or cracked nipples are no longer painful once good positioning and latch on are achieved. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast engorgement usually occurs in 2-3 days but is usually temporary and last only 3-7 days. For treatment and prevention wear a comfortable bra to support your breasts (no under wire at this time)

Attribution Theory Essay

No creature in this planet can exercise the faculty of reason as much as we human persons do. As rational beings, we normally engage in an array of activities which require critical thinking or thoughtful consideration. At least for those who are fortunate to be gifted with normal bodily functions, it is axiomatic to suppose that we human persons are expected to put reason to everything that we do. For instance, we do not wake up at two in the morning and prepare to go to school simply for no reason whatsoever. In a manner of speaking, the faculty of human reason allows us to do things on account of some reasonable purposes. The way we make sense or put reason to almost everything that surrounds us makes us, more than anything else, human persons by right of logic and supposition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reading through the article â€Å"The Attribution Theory†, I am able to even more affirm the fundamental tendency of human reason to seek for explanation of things. Therein I was able to learn that the theory of Attribution draws from the basic supposition that human reason so naturally tends to seek for explanation to things. This, in many ways, is intricately knitted to the logic underneath the principle of causality, which basically assumes that our minds try hard to grapple for sufficient explanations to help us make sense of everything that happens. The theory of Attribution is no less different in that, like the principle of causality, it too tries to seek for an adequate explanation of things. All things considered, it can enable us to peek into the seemingly insatiable desire of human persons to seek explanation for things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, the article also made me realize how potent, nay, powerful human reason can become. In the article, it cites a number of studies that were done so as demonstrate the efficacy of the theory. The mainline thesis is to show that the theory of Attribution, especially when it is internally reinforced, can produce behavioral changes to a person or groups of persons. The article even notes that when people tend to attribute certain events as directly stemming from their personal involvement, it produces significant behavioral changes. When for instance, a person is repeatedly introduced to the idea, say, that his or her high grades are attributable to the painstaking but admirable effort he pours into his studies, it creates a personal belief system that appear to cater to such reinforcements. This means that a person who is able to embrace a belief that his or her efforts serve him or her well in the process will normally become motivated to study on his or her own. This displays, more than anything else, the power of human reason to translate personal belief systems into tangible behavioral patterns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But reading through the article also made me feel a bit cautious as well. If through the theory of Attribution we can make people â€Å"create new attitudes or beliefs or behaviors depending upon the explanation they make†, then it behooves us to proceed with much care in reinforcing beliefs on them (The Attribution Theory). Surely, we cannot allow people to think negatively about themselves, especially on issues which may involve anger, grief, guilt, among others. As indeed, we cannot let people believe that some tragic moments in life, which can happen beyond our control, are internally attributable to their doings just the same. If we truly want to create an empowered individual by applying the theory of Attribution, then it is only justified that we ought to inculcate positive reinforcements on to everyone so as to create positive avenues for behavioral changes. Along the same vein, we must always help protect people from creating a monster out of internal belief-systems, which, on the final analysis, can eventually, nay only translate to ill-natured and unfortunate behaviors. Work Cited â€Å"The Theory of Attribution†, SBB: 1996. Retrieved 10 September 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     

Every Father’s Dream Essay

Parents play an important role in the fulfillment of their children’s dreams. Often, before a child can even start to dream, parents have already made a mental picture of what they want their children to be in the future. In Barack Obama’s (2004) â€Å"Dreams from My Father,† we see the important role a father plays in the success of the incumbent president. On the contrary, in Arthur Miller’s (1949) â€Å"Death of Salesman,† the author illustrates how a father’s dream and example can sometimes destroy a son’s future. Look more:  perseverance example essay In this paper, we compare and contrast the dreams of the fathers in the two works in order to derive a lesson every parent and child should know. Published in 2004, â€Å"Dreams from My Father† narrates the life of the 44th president of the United States. The novel is told by the president himself, who was then elected for the senate. In his story, Obama describes how his father’s ambition and examples helped shape and made him realize his own dreams. The story narrates the young Barack Obama Sr. as a clever and intelligent yet mischievous student during his early years. Unable to finish college in his homeland, he lands a clerical job until two female missionaries help him find scholarship to a university in Hawaii. His perseverance to finish his studies later provides inspiration to his son, Barry. In his letter to his son, the father says, â€Å"Like water finding its level, you will arrive at a career that suits you† (45). This expresses the father’s wish for his son to find his own destiny, his own place in society. Finding one’s place in society is possible through education. Although Barack Sr. does not emphasize to Barry the importance of education, the boy realizes this through his parents’ examples. Specifically, the father’s own perseverance to gain further studies serves as example for the son to follow. Likewise, his words during their last meeting echo and translate in Barry’s mind as, â€Å"You do not work hard enough, Barry. You must help in your people’s struggle. Wake up, black man (126)! † These words serve as Barry’s motivation to persevere in all the struggles and responsibilities he has to face. In the play, â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† the father, Willy Loman has the same dreams for his son, Biff. He wishes for him to find his place in society, to be the best he can be. However, since Biff relies too much on his father’s examples, he becomes disappointed when he finds out that all the while, his father has not been true to his mother. The scene in the hotel where Biff finds out about Willy’s other woman devastates him, and ruins his life later on. Due to this, he decides not to attend the summer school and finish his studies. Considering his actions, Willy can be blamed for Biff’s inability to reach his dreams. The boy’s mindset is very much affected by his father’s actions. In contrast to Obama Sr. who serves his country and continues his studies, Willy shares in the disappointment of his son. These examples show us the important role of the father in giving advice to their sons, and in setting a good example. Despite the fact that Obama leaves his son to his wife, the good memory he leaves the boy serves as a good foundation for the child. Moreover, as the older Obama expresses in one of his letters to his son, for one to realize his place in society, one has to know one’s people, where he belongs (66). To do this, Barry searches for his roots and listens to what his grandmother’s story. From this, he finds out the struggles of his grandfather and his father, and finds strength in their sacrifices and dreams. The dreams of his father to be fully educated and to serve his country are enough to inspire Barry to move on and be the best he can be. In contrast, the theme of knowing oneself in order to realize one’s dreams is expressed differently in â€Å"Death of a Salesman. † In the play, Willy’s high expectations of Biff disappoint the son more. Biff insists to his father, â€Å"Pop, I’m nothing! I’m nothing, Pop. Can’t you understand that? There’s no spite in it any more (99)† Despite this, Willy still believes in Biff. He believes that if given a chance and a big sum to start on his own, his son can be successful. This is the reason why Willy sacrifices his life at the end, so that his sons can have what it takes to start on their own. The legacies of the two fathers are totally different. Obama leaves to his son an identity and reputation he can live with, while Loman bequeathes a good sum, which he is unable to provide his sons during his lifetime. Either way, the examples of the two fathers imply a general truth about fathers, that every one of them desires the best for their children. References Miller, Arthur. (1949). Death of a salesman. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from http://www. franklang. ru/download/Miller_Death_of_a_Salesman__pdf. pdf Obama, Barack. (2004). Dreams from my father. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from http://cephas17507. multiply. com/journal/item/20/Dreams_from_My_Father_Barack_Obama_2004_. pdf

Believing in God first paper Essay Example

Believing in God first paper Essay Example Believing in God first paper Essay Believing in God first paper Essay (a) Atheism is the word that means that god does not exist(b) One religious experience is a miracle. A young boy, who was handicapped since born, could not eat, walk, speak or do anything for himself by himself. His parents took him to bibi Fatimas grave (holy Islamic bibi) and as soon as the boy touched the holy grave, he was cured, he was speaking and walking. His parents were full of joy and could not believe there eyes. All who were there, around the boy, who saw what had happened, wanted to touch him as he was a miracle; Allah performed this miracle via bibi Fatima. This is a religious experience.(c) A religious upbringing may lead someone to believe in god as if all your life you have been taught that there is a god then there is no reason why you would doubt that and automatically believe that there is a god as this is what your parents have taught you and what you have always heard. I am a Muslim and have been brought up in a Muslim household and so I know what it is like. I always have and always will believe that there is a god because this I what my parents have told me and this is my religion.I will never ever doubt that because I have seen miracles like that young boy, I have heard everything that my holy prophets went through in order to keep Islam, and so I know that there is a god. However, if I wasnt bought up in a Muslim household, but in a household of no religion, then I dont think that I would have believed that there is a god because my parents never told me and I would not have been bought up being told that there is a god or read the holy quran which tells me that there is a god and Mohammed is his messenger.(d) There is plenty of evidence that God existsI agree with this statement as I believe that miracles prove that god exists. I dont think that any human could perform a miracle and only something with an enormous amount of power could do that. Also the fact that there are so many religions that believe in god should surely tell you t hat there must be something out there seeing as millions of people believe there is.Matters of life and death paper 4Question 4(a) Voluntary euthanasia is when someone is dying in pain and so asks his or her doctor or friends/family member to end their life painlessly.(b) In Judaism, many Jews do not allow euthanasia as many passages form the Tenakh (Jewish holy book) teach that life and death are only in the hands of god and it is up to him to take life of give life, no-one else has that right. Also, they think that god gave life and so he should be the one to take it back. However some Jews believe that in some circumstances it is acceptable, such as switching of a life support machine as they think that striving to keep someone alive is interfering with gods will and the soul should be free to go to god.(c) There are different attitudes in Christianity about what happens after death because some believe that there is the resurrection of the body, they believe this because it is what St Paul teaches, it was Jesus body that rose from the dead and it is part of the Christian creeds. However many believe in the immortality of the soul. This is because, Jesus said the criminal on the cross would be in paradise straight after death, the communion of saints teaches that living and dead Christians can communicate with each other and things like near-death experiences when people say there soul has left there body and gone down a tunnel of light to god show the immortality of the soul. Christian believes that life after death may be different, but all Christians believe in life after death and this gives their lives purpose and meaning.(d) Every woman should have a right to an abortion if she wants oneI agree with this as if the woman was raped and got pregnant, I dont think it fair for her to keep that baby as a constant reminder of what happened to her. Also, if a 16 year old girl has a one night stand and as a result of this gets pregnant, I dont think it is fai r on the child to bring it in to the world when the mother cant support it, and may not want it so doesnt really love it. This gives the child an unfair disadvantage before it has even come into the world.Marriage and family life paper 2Question 5(a) An extended family is aunts/uncles/grandparents living with the mother, father and children or living close with lots of contact..(b) In Christianity, sex before marriage is not allowed because the bible teaches that fornication is wrong and many Christians believe fornication is sex before marriage. Also, church leaders say the pre-marital sex is a sin. However, some Christians believe it is okay as long as the couple love each other, have been in a long term relationship and intend to get married eventually. This is because, Jesus taught that love is the most important thing, the bible does not specifically condemn marriage and the church has come to terms with modern attitudes to cohabitation.(c) Family life is important in Judaism because Jews believe that family is at the heart of religion. The Halakhah says the parents should care for their childrens material needs, parents should make sure that all Jewish food laws are kept in the home, parents should teach their children about Judaism and their duty as Jews, parents should set a good example of the Jewish life especially by the festivals in the home and children are expected to be a comfort to their parents and be a comfort for them in their old age. Jews believe that family life is very important because, it was creates by god to keep the family together, it is the only way god wants children to be brought up, it is the place where children learn about Judaism and the festivals celebrated, the family is the only way of keeping Judaism alive and having family is one of the mitzvot which all Jews have to follow.(d) Living together is better then getting marriedI agree with this as I think living together is like a trial run of how life would be if you were marries and so if you are always arguing it isnt a good idea to get married. Also, if you were married and things werent right but you had children then the children would be caught in this but if you are only living together and have no children then it is easier to let go if things arent working out without putting kids through it.Social harmony paper 1Question 7(a) Equality is where everyone is the same no matter what there gender/class/race/colour.(b) Christian teachings on racial harmony are that all forms of racism is wrong and that Christians should make more racial harmony. This is because, Jesus treated people of different races equally, St peter had a vision form god telling him that god has no favourites among the races, god created all races in his image and all Christian churches have members, ministers and priests of all races and colours.(c) Trying to convert someone may cause problems in a multi-faith society because this may seen as being discrimination towards th e other religions, as if to say we are better and more inferior and superior then you so they should come in our religion as our religion is the right religion. Also by doing this other religions may feel threatened that our followers are going into other religions causing them to feel unequal and feeling they have to retaliate by doing something that the other religion then feels discriminated against.(d) A mans place is in the homeI do not agree with this as I personally feel that it should be the man who is out working in order to put food on the table and the woman should work or then stay at home and do the housework as well as look after the kids. I dont think that the man should be the one who to be at home and doing the housework and the cooking but should be the one who makes that happen by going out and earning the money for his family.